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Andrei Sakharov

Physicist and Humanitarian

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921–1989) was both a brilliant physicist and a moral voice for human rights. He co-invented the Soviet hydrogen bomb but later became an advocate for peace and democracy.

Contributions

• Thermonuclear Weapons — Key developer of the Soviet H-bomb using the “Sakharov’s Third Idea.”
• Controlled Fusion — Researched magnetic confinement of plasma.
• Human Rights — Critic of nuclear proliferation and authoritarian rule.

Legacy

Sakharov’s dual legacy as scientist and dissident makes him unique. He combined technical brilliance with ethical responsibility, receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975.

Facts

• Born in Moscow, Russia.
• Developed Soviet H-bomb.
• Nobel Peace Prize, 1975.
• Promoted democracy in the USSR.